▪Tropical Fruits:-
Mango, Banana, Papaya, Pineapple, Custard, Jackfruit, Cashew Nut, Sapota, Nuts etc.
▪️Sub-tropical Fruits:-
Grapes, Fig(Anzir), Oranges, Lemon, Guava, Avocado, Litchi, Ber, Dates, Phalsa, Pomegranate, Amla, Lokat
▪️Temperate Fruits:-Apple, Pear, Almonds, Cherry, Strawberry, Walnut, Chestnut, Hazelnut, Peeknut, Chilgoza, Khubani, Aadu, Aaloo-Bukhara
▪️Evergreen Fruits:-
Mango, Litchi, Lemon, Sapota, Lokat
▪️Autumn Fruits:-
Apple, Pear, Aadu, Aalucha, Khubani
• Botanical name of tomato: lycopersicon esculentum/ solanum lycopersicum
• Family of tomato: solanaceae
• Chromosome number of tomato: 2n=24
• Inflorescence of tomato: racemose cyme
• Fruit type of tomato: berry
• Tomato is a climacteric fruit and C3 plant.
• Tomato is considered as a protected food in the world.
• Tomato is Known as poor man’s orange in India, love of apple, wolf apple, vilayati baigan.
• Tomato flower cluster is known as truss.
• Tomato has different type of pigments-
1. Lycopene in red coloured tomato,
2. Carotenoids in yellow coloured tomato,
3. Prolycopene is present in tangerine coloured tomato.
• Citric acid present in tomato.
• Stalking is a important practice of indeterminate type of tomato.
• Tomato is a self pollinated crop due to hermaphrodite flowers.
• Tomato is a day neutral warm season crop, which cannot tolerate frost.
• Optimum temperature for tomato is 21-28oC during day and 15-20oC during night.
• For tomato Night temperature is more critical than day temperature.
• Optimum temperature for colour development of fruit is 21-24oC.
• Development of colouring pigment, lycopene will be hampered above 27oC.
• Seed germination and pollen germination are adversely effected below 10oC.
• For tomato cultivation Soil pH range 5.5-7.0
• Seed rate of tomato= 400-500 g / ha, for hybrid: 100-150g/ha.
• Tomato seed sowing depth 4-5 cm.
• Tomato storage temperature of 13 C with 90-95% relative humidity is recommended for slow ripening.
• Origin of chilli: maxico
• Botanical name of chilli: capsicum annum
• Family of chilli solanaceae
• Chromosome number of chilli: 2n=24
• Fruit type of chilli: berry
• Pollination type in chilli: self pollinated
• Red colour in chilli is due to capcyanthin
• Pungency in chilli is due to capsaicin/capsicutin.
• Flower opening in chilli at 5 am.
• Green to dry chilli ratio 10:1
• Capsicum annum and capsicum fruitescence have white flower.
• Capsicum pubescence has purple flowers.
• Sun drying for 3-10 days to get moisture 80 to 10%.
• Origin of brinjal: India
• Botanical name of brinjal: solanum melongena
• Family of brinjal: solanaceae
• Chromosome number of brinjal: 2n=24
• Inflorescence of brinjal: cyme
• Edible part of brinjal: fruit
• Pollination of brinjal: self pollination
• brinjal known as Egg plant and aubergine.
• White brinjal is beneficial for diabeties patient.
• In brinjal purple pigmentation which is due to anthocyanin
• In brinjal Opening of flower and dehiscence of anthers at 6-7.30 am during summer and is delayed up to 11 am during winter.
• Brinjal is warm season day neutral plant and is susceptible to severe frost.
• Temperature range of 21-27˚C is ideal for its production.
• The growth of the crop is severely affected when temperature falls below 17˚C
• Brinjal is a hardy crop and is cultivated under a wide range of soils.
🔘 Field Crops 🔘
✅Rice - Panicle initiation critical staps, heading and flowering
✅Wheat - Crown root initiation, Tillering & Booting
✅Maize - Just prior to tasseling & grain filling
✅Sorghum - Flowering & grain formation
✅Cumbu - Heading & flowering
Ragi Primordial initiation & flowering
🔘 Oil Seeds 🔘
✅Groundnut - Flowering peg initiation, Penetration & Pod development
✅Soybean - Blooming & seed formation
✅Sesame - Blooming to maturity
✅Sunflower - Two weeks before & after flowering
✅Safflower - From rosette to flowering
✅Castor - Full growing period ash crops
✅Cotton - Flowering & Boll formation
✅Tobacco - Immediately after transplanting
✅Sugarcane - Maximum vegetative stage
🔘 Vegetables 🔘
✅Onion - Bulb formation to Maturity
✅Tomato - Flowering & Fruit setting
✅Chilies - Flowering
✅Cabbage - Head formation to Maturity
🔘Legumes🔘
✅Alfalfa - Immediately after cutting for hay crop & flowering for seed crop
✅Beans - Flowering & Pod setting
✅Peas - Flowering & Pod formation
🔘 Other important crops 🔘
✅Coconut - Nursery stage root enlargement
✅Potato - Tuber initiation & Maturity
✅Banana - Throughout the growth
✅Citrus - Flowering, fruit setting & Enlargement
✅Mango - Flowering
✅Coffee - Flowering & Fruit development
1. Srini Mega Food Park, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh.
2. Godavari Mega Aqua Park, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh.
3. North East Mega Food Park, Nalbari, Assam.
4. Indus Best Mega Food Park, Raipur, Chhattisgarh.
5. Gujarat Agro Mega Food Park, Surat, Gujarat.
6. Cremica mega Food park, Una, Himachal Pradesh.
7. Integrated Mega Food Park, Tumkur, Karnataka.
8. Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (Agrimantra) (KINFRA) Mega Food Park, Palakkad, Kerala.
9. Indus Mega Food Park, Khargoan, Madhya Pradesh.
10. Avantee Mega Food Park, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh.
11. Paithan Mega Food Park, Aurangabad, Maharashtra.
12. Satara Mega Food Park, Satara, Maharashtra.
13. Zoram Mega Food Park, Kolasib, Mizoram.
14. MITS Mega Food Park, Agrimantra Rayagada, Odisha.
15. International Mega Food Park, Fazilka, Punjab.
16. Sukhjit Mega Food Park, Kapurthala, Punjab.
17. Greentech Mega Food park, Ajmer, Rajasthan.
18. Smart Agro Mega Food Park, Nizamabad, Telangana.
19. Tripura Mega Food Park, West Tripura, Tripura.
20. Patanjali Food and Herbal Park, Haridwar, Uttarakhand.
21. Himalayan Mega Food Park, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand.
22. Jangipur Bengal Mega Food Park, Murshidabad, West Bengal.
➡️Glycolysis occurs in the part of cell Ans. Cytoplasm
➡️Krebs cycle & ETC occurs in
Ans. Mitochondria
➡️Glycolysis is a type of reaction
Ans. Anaerobic
➡️Final product of glycolysis is
Ans. Pyruyate
➡️Kerbs cycle starts with
Ans. Acetyl COA & Oxaloacetate
➡️ Energy content of molecule of glucose is
Ans. 684 K.Cal.
➡️Total ATP synthesis from one 2 X 2 molecule of glucose in respiration
Ans. 36 ATP (Net gain), Gross – 38 ATP
➡️Total ATP synthesis in glycolysis is Ans. 8 ATP (Net gain – 2ATP)
➡️Light or hill reaction takes place in Ans. Grana of chloroplast
➡️Dark reaction or Calvin cycle takes place in
Ans. Stroma of chloroplast
➡️First enzyme in CO2 fixation in C3 plants
Ans. Rubisco
➡️First enzyme in CO2 fixation in C4 plants is
Ans. PEP Carboxylase
➡️ Highest water use efficiency is seen ____ plants.
Ans. CAM > C4 > C3
➡️Kranz type leaf anatomy found in Ans. C4 plants
➡️ Calvin cycle & Hatch – slack pathway occurs in _ cell organelle.
Ans. Chloroplast
➡️ Photosynthetic rate is highest in Ans. C4 plants
➡️ Harvest Index in cereals is
Ans. 0.4 – 0.5
➡️Harvest Index in pulses
Ans. 0.2 – 0.3
➡️First product of photosynthesis in C3 plants is
Ans. 3 PGA
➡️Most abundant protein in the world Ans. Rubisco
